Peru is a country located in western South America. It borders Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia and Chile to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
Peru’s territory is made up of diverse landscapes. The valleys, plateaus, and high peaks of the Andes Mountains run through the country, dividing it into three main geographic regions: the coastal desert, the Andean highlands, and the Amazon rainforest to the east.
Peru is considered one of the countries with the greatest biological diversity and significant mineral resources in the world. The name Peru is believed to come from the word “Piruw” in the Quechua and Aymara languages.
In terms of culture, the Inca Empire was the last great indigenous state in the region, dominating much of western South America during the 15th century. Today, Peru’s culture is a rich blend of Indigenous, Spanish, and other immigrant influences, visible in its architecture, traditions, cuisine, and daily life.
The main and most widely spoken language is Spanish, although many Peruvians also speak native languages, the most widespread being Quechua, especially in the Andean regions. Aymara and several Amazonian languages are also spoken. English is commonly used in the main tourist areas.
Tourism is one of the most important industries in Peru, largely centered on its archaeological sites and cultural heritage. The country has over one hundred thousand archaeological sites.
The most visited destinations include:
– Lima, the capital, known for its historic center and coastal setting
– Cusco, famous for its Inca and colonial architecture
– The Sacred Valley of the Incas, with traditional villages and archaeological sites
– Machu Picchu, the iconic Inca citadel set high in the Andes
This tour focuses on these highlights, combining history, culture, and dramatic mountain scenery.
Peru offers a wide range of climates due to its geography:
The Pacific Coast
In Lima and along the coast, December to April are the warmest and sunniest months. From June to October, the weather is cooler and more humid, with occasional light drizzle. Lightweight clothing is recommended for the warmer months.
The Andes Highlands
In the highlands, including Cusco and the Sacred Valley, temperatures vary throughout the day. Mornings and nights can be cold, while midday is often warm and sunny. Layered clothing is recommended. The rainy season runs from December to March, so waterproof clothing is essential during this time.
Currency and Finances
The local currency is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Banknotes are issued in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 soles, and coins range from small cent values up to 5 soles.
Exchange rates vary, but US dollars are widely accepted in many places, especially in tourist areas. Bills should be in good condition, as damaged or very old notes may not be accepted.
Credit cards are widely accepted, particularly Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Diners Club, in cities and major tourist destinations.
ATMs are commonly available, and cash can usually be withdrawn in both local currency and US dollars.
As in any country, take normal precautions with money and personal belongings. Keep valuables secure, divide cash into different locations, and avoid displaying large amounts of money in public.
Visas and Passport
Citizens of most American and Western European countries do not require a visa to enter Peru for tourism. The maximum authorized stay is usually up to 90 days.
All travelers must carry a valid passport.
Practical Information
COMMUNICATIONS / TELEPHONE CALLS
For calls to Peru, dial: +51 + city code + phone number.
LANGUAGE
Spanish is the official language. Quechua, Aymara, and other indigenous languages are also spoken. English is commonly spoken in main tourist areas.
ELECTRICITY
Standard voltage is 220 volts. Many hotels provide 110-volt outlets as well.
TIPS
Tipping is voluntary but appreciated.
– In restaurants, the standard tip is around 10% if not already included.
– For guides and drivers, tips are a customary way to recognize good service.
– A small tip for hotel porters is also appreciated.
INSURANCE
Travel insurance is strongly recommended to cover trip cancellations, medical expenses, repatriation, and loss of belongings. Please review your policy to ensure adequate coverage.
Safety
Peru is generally safe for travelers, especially within established tourist areas. However, it is important to take basic precautions:
– Avoid displaying valuables.
– Divide cash into different locations.
– Use hotel safes for passports and important documents.
Peruvian people are known for being warm, friendly, and welcoming to visitors.
Emergency numbers:
– National Police: 105
– Fire Department: 116